Macroeconomics (from prefix "macr(o)-" meaning "large" + "economics") is a branch of economics Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek οἰκονομία from οἶκος (oikos, "house") + νόμος (nomos, "custom" or "law"), hence "rules of the house(hold)". Current economic that deals with the performance, structure, and behavior of a national or regional economy An economy is the ways in which people use their environment to meet their material needs. It is the realized economic system of a country or other area. It includes the production, exchange, distribution, and consumption of goods and services of that area. The study of different types and examples of economies is the subject of economic systems as a whole.[1] Along with microeconomics Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies how households and firms make decisions to allocate limited resources, typically in markets where goods or services are being bought and sold. Microeconomics examines how these decisions and behaviours affect the supply and demand for goods and services, which determines prices; and how prices,, macroeconomics is one of the two most general fields in economics Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek οἰκονομία from οἶκος (oikos, "house") + νόμος (nomos, "custom" or "law"), hence "rules of the house(hold)". Current economic. It is the study of the behavior and decision-making of entire economies.[2] Macroeconomists study aggregated indicators such as GDP The gross domestic product or gross domestic income (GDI) is a basic measure of a country's economic performance and is the market value of all final goods and services made within the borders of a nation in a year . It is a fundamental measurement of production and is very often positively correlated with the standard of living, though its use as, unemployment rates Unemployment occurs when a person is available to work and seeking work but currently without work. The prevalence of unemployment is usually measured using the unemployment rate, which is defined as the percentage of those in the labor force who are unemployed. The unemployment rate is also used in economic studies and economic indices such as, and price indices A price index is a normalized average (typically a weighted average) of prices for a given class of goods or services in a given region, during a given interval of time. It is a statistic designed to help to compare how these prices, taken as a whole, differ between time periods or geographical locations to understand how the whole economy functions. Macroeconomists develop models that explain the relationship between such factors as national income A variety of measures of national income and output are used in economics to estimate total economic activity in a country or region, including gross domestic product , gross national product (GNP), and net national income (NNI), output Output in economics is the total value of all of the goods and services produced in an entity's economy. It is a concept used in macroeconomics, or the study of the economic transactions of broad groups such as countries, consumption Consumption . But the precise definition can vary because different schools of economists define production quite differently. According to some economists, only the final purchase of goods and services constitutes consumption, and every other commercial activity is some form of production. Other economists define consumption much more broadly, as, unemployment Unemployment occurs when a person is available to work and seeking work but currently without work. The prevalence of unemployment is usually measured using the unemployment rate, which is defined as the percentage of those in the labor force who are unemployed. The unemployment rate is also used in economic studies and economic indices such as, inflation In economics, inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. When the price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services; consequently, inflation is also an erosion in the purchasing power of money – a loss of real value in the internal medium of exchange and unit, savings Saving is the conservation of money. Methods of saving include putting money aside in a bank or pension plan. Saving also includes reducing expenditures, such as recurring costs. In terms of personal finance, saving specifies low-risk preservation of money, as in a deposit account, versus investment, wherein risk is higher, investment Investment or investing is a term with several closely-related meanings in business management, finance and economics, related to saving or deferring consumption. Investing is the active redirection of resources: from being consumed today, to creating benefits in the future; the use of assets to earn income or profit. An investment is a choice by, international trade International trade is exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories. In most countries, it represents a significant share of gross domestic product . While international trade has been present throughout much of history (see Silk Road, Amber Road), its economic, social, and political importance has been on and international finance International finance is the branch of economics that studies the dynamics of exchange rates, foreign investment, and how these affect international trade. It also studies international projects, international investments and capital flows, and trade deficits. It includes the study of futures, options and currency swaps. Together with. In contrast, microeconomics Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies how households and firms make decisions to allocate limited resources, typically in markets where goods or services are being bought and sold. Microeconomics examines how these decisions and behaviours affect the supply and demand for goods and services, which determines prices; and how prices, is primarily focused on the actions of individual agents, such as firms A business is a legally recognized organization designed to provide goods and/or services to consumers. Businesses are predominant in capitalist economies, most being privately owned and formed to earn profit that will increase the wealth of its owners and grow the business itself. The owners and operators of a business have as one of their main and consumers, and how their behavior determines prices Price in economics and business is the result of an exchange and from that trade we assign a numerical monetary value to a good, service or asset. If Alice trades Bob 4 apples for an orange, the price of an orange is 4 apples. Inversely, the price of an apple is 1/4 oranges and quantities in specific markets.
While macroeconomics is a broad field of study, there are two areas of research that are emblematic of the discipline: the attempt to understand the causes and consequences of short-run In economics, the concept of the short-run refers to the decision-making time frame of a firm in which at least one factor of production is fixed. Costs which are fixed in the short-run have no impact on a firms decisions. For example a firm can raise output by increasing the amount of labour through overtime fluctuations in national income (the business cycle The term business cycle refers to economy-wide fluctuations in production or economic activity over several months or years. These fluctuations occur around a long-term growth trend, and typically involve shifts over time between periods of relatively rapid economic growth (expansion or boom), and periods of relative stagnation or decline (), and the attempt to understand the determinants of long-run In economic models, the long-run time frame assumes no fixed factors of production. Firms can enter or leave the marketplace, and the cost of land, labor, raw materials, and capital goods can be assumed to vary. In contrast, in the short-run time frame, certain factors are assumed to be fixed, because there is not sufficient time for them to economic growth Economic growth is an increase in activity in an economy. It is often measured as the rate of change of gross domestic product . Economic growth refers only to the quantity of goods and services produced; it says nothing about the way in which they are produced. Economic development, a related term, refers to change in the way goods and services (increases in national income).
Macroeconomic models A macroeconomic model is a model or framework designed to describe the operation and activity in the economy of a country or a region. These models are usually designed to examine the dynamics of aggregate quantities such as the total amount of goods and services produced, total income earned, the level of employment of productive resources, and and their forecasts are used by both governments and large corporations to assist in the development and evaluation of economic policy Economic policy refers to the actions that governments take in the economic field. It covers the systems for setting interest rates and government budget as well as the labour market, national ownership, and many other areas of government interventions into the economy and business strategy.
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ISI - Emerging Markets
After Poland proved the only EU member states to post GDP growth, in annual terms, in Q2/2009, one might expect that the whole-year figure will also be ...
Macroeconomic Review ISI - Emerging Markets
Macroeconomic Review ISI - Emerging Markets
Macroeconomic Review ISI - Emerging Markets
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Wed, 24 Jun 2009 00:00:00 GM
Macroeconomic. Forecast Bosnia-Herzegovina. Economy / Bosnia-Herzegovina We forecast a robust 6.0% real GDP growth in 2006 and 6.1% in 2007, on the back of industrial output expansion. In the Federation, the sector expanded 9.4% y-o-y in ...
